# Spring — original piano rendering

Music: Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741), *The Four Seasons*, Op. 8 No. 1, RV 269, I. Allegro, opening ritornello. The composition dates to 1725 and is in the public domain.

This is a newly synthesized piano performance, not an excerpt from an existing commercial recording. It reduces the four orchestral parts to piano, preserves the score's two echo dynamics, realizes its cadential trills, and adds subtle performance variation and a short room reverb.

## Downloaded source and attribution

Score and MIDI: **Anonymous / Mutopia Project**, *La Primavera / Spring*, **Mutopia-2010/02/08-301**, source edition “Performers' Facsimiles.” The typeset edition and supplied MIDI are published under **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported**.

- Source page: https://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/piece-info.cgi?id=301
- MIDI archive: https://www.mutopiaproject.org/ftp/VivaldiA/O8/spring/spring-mids.zip
- LilyPond source archive: https://www.mutopiaproject.org/ftp/VivaldiA/O8/spring/spring-lys.zip
- License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Piano samples: **Salamander Grand Piano V3 by Alexander Holm**, recorded from a Yamaha C5 grand, under **Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported**. Samples were obtained from the SFZ Instruments repository. The rendering uses the sixth and eighth recorded velocity layers, pitch transposition, note envelopes, mixing, stereo room reverb, and MP3 conversion. The source samples are retained only in the working directory.

- Original library: https://archive.org/details/SalamanderGrandPianoV3
- Sample source and license: https://github.com/sfzinstruments/SalamanderGrandPiano
- License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

## License of delivered audio and note data

The delivered `spring-piano.mp3`, `spring-piano.wav`, and `spring-notes.json` are made available under **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported**, preserving the score edition's share-alike terms. Credit both the score edition and Alexander Holm, link the licenses, and indicate that this is a new piano reduction and rendered performance with the changes described above. This license applies to these music artifacts; website code is a separate work.

Suggested compact website credit:

> Spring by Antonio Vivaldi. Original piano rendering from the Mutopia Project score (Anonymous, Mutopia-2010/02/08-301; CC BY-SA 3.0), using Salamander Grand Piano samples by Alexander Holm (CC BY 3.0). Piano reduction, dynamics, trills and reverb added. Audio: CC BY-SA 3.0.

## Integration and timing

- Runtime file: `spring-piano.mp3`, 192 kbps stereo, approximately 654 KB.
- Archival file: `spring-piano.wav`, 44.1 kHz stereo, 16-bit PCM.
- Audio duration: **27.8 seconds**, including the closing resonance.
- Tempo: **115 BPM**, matching the source MIDI.
- Final tonic chord onset: **26.34783 seconds**.
- Score's full closing rest begins: **26.86957 seconds**.
- The introductory eighth-note pickup is included at time zero.
- Note events: **329**, MIDI pitch range **40 (E2) to 85 (C♯6)**.
- Timing JSON uses `{time, midi, duration, velocity, voice}`. `duration` measures key-down time; release resonance continues after key-up.
- `time` and `duration` are in seconds, referenced to decoded audio time zero.
- Forward and reversed playback can share the same decoded AudioBuffer; use a sample-reversed copy for actual reverse sound.
- When highlighting notes during reverse traversal, test the original score position against each `[time, time + duration]` interval.
- Browser audio playback needs to be unlocked by a deliberate user gesture before scroll can control sound.

## Verification

Source pitches and rhythms were read from the Mutopia score and MIDI. Duplicated pitches across parts were merged before rendering. The audio contains no non-finite values and is normalized to 0.87 peak amplitude without clipping; MP3 encoding was verified by decoding. Notes cover the complete opening theme through its first full cadence. Its final decay is smoothly faded to silence.

Stadium ambience: WWS FootballAustriavs.Sweden — Work With Sounds / Torsten Nilsson. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WWS_FootballAustriavs.Sweden.ogg . Changes: 24-second excerpt, fades, normalization, browser stereo spatialization.